There are 43 types of crosses, each carrying its own distinct meaning — from the Latin Cross, which represents Christ’s crucifixion, to the Celtic Cross, which symbolizes eternity, and the Jerusalem Cross, which marks the Holy Land itself. Below, we break down all 43 types of crosses and their meanings by category, shape, and history. Cross symbolism continues to be highly significant to religious and secular groups and can be found everywhere. It’s a cross fleury, i.e., a cross with a flowery design, often used in heraldry. This cross design was derived using four uppercase Gamma letters from the Greek alphabet.
This cross is similar to the patriarchal cross, which only has two horizontal beams. The Papal cross features three horizontal bars set on a long post, with the bars graduating in size towards the top. In this regard, it’s similar to the Celtic cross which is believed to have derived from the solar cross. The solar cross is considered to be among the oldest religious symbols in the world, with some believing it to be the oldest.
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From the first century BC, it is used to indicate an instrument used in executions. The field of etymology is of no help in any effort to trace a supposed original meaning of crux. The word cross is recorded in 11th-century Old English as cros, exclusively for the instrument of Christ’s crucifixion, replacing the native Old English word rood. It often appeared in conjunction with the female-genital circle or oval to signify the sacred marriage, as in the Egyptian amulet Nefer, which features the male cross and female orb, considered an amulet of blessedness and a charm of sexual harmony.
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- With that said, here’s a look at popular types of crosses and what they symbolize.
- The plus sign (+) is derived from Latin t via a simplification of a ligature for et “and” (introduced by Johannes Widmann in the late 15th century).
- From the universally recognized Latin Cross to the intricate patterns of the Celtic Cross and the specific insignias of military and Catholic orders, each design carries its own story within religious tradition and artistic expression.
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- The design is simple, featuring an equidistant cross set within a circle.
History
It’s also believed to symbolize eternal life, life after death, and the divine right to rule. Unlike many of the crosses on this list, the Ankh is directly connected to ancient Egypt rather than to Christianity. It’s one of the most beloved and popular types of the Christian cross. It’s similar to the Patriarchal cross, but it’s typically featured with the lower crossbeam set further down the vertical post. The symbol held sacred meaning for Pythagoreans, who took their vows on it. More recently, the Maltese cross has been given a secular meaning, representing the 8 characteristics of a good first aider.
Types of Crosses by Category
- It’s a cross fleury, i.e., a cross with a flowery design, often used in heraldry.
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- Cross is an American crime thriller television series created by Ben Watkins, based on the Alex Cross novel series written by James Patterson.
- This cross is similar to the patriarchal cross, which only has two horizontal beams.
- It’s one of the most beloved and popular types of the Christian cross.
- The cross features four equidistant arms, each ending in a wide three-pointed design.
- The above cross variations are among the most popular, but this is by no means an exhaustive list.
The Celtic cross continues to be a popular variant of Christian crosses. The Celtic cross features a cross within a circle, with the bottom arm extending below the circle. Today, the forked cross is not as popular as it once was and isn’t commonly seen in Christian iconography. The forked cross was especially popular during the Middle Ages when there was a strong focus on the Passion of Christ. The Jerusalem cross was significant during the Crusades and was carried as a heraldic cross.
Patriarchal Cross
Others believe that the patriarchal cross represents Jesus’ death and resurrection. The three bars are said to signify the Holy Trinity, the three roles of the Pope, and the three theological virtues. The additional beam signifies the Pope’s higher ecclesiastical rank compared to an archbishop.
This guide documents 43 distinct, well-recognized types of crosses, each with its own shape, history, and religious meaning. From the universally recognized Latin Cross to the intricate patterns of the Celtic Cross and the specific insignias of military and Catholic orders, each design carries its own story within religious tradition and artistic expression. The cross features four equidistant arms, each ending in a wide three-pointed design. Speculation of this kind became especially popular in the mid- to late-19th century in the context of comparative mythology seeking to tie Christian mythology to ancient cosmological myths. 1200, first in the sense “to make the sign of the cross”; the generic meaning “to intersect” develops in the 15th century.
The Tetramorph Cross https://fiestaslots-casino.nl/ is a unique design incorporating four creatures, each symbolizing one of the four Gospels of the New Testament. The Canterbury Cross features four arms of equal length, each widening into a triangular point — a design tied directly to the mother church of the Anglican Communion. Ancient civilizations across the world used cross-like shapes long before the crucifixion, each attaching its own unique meaning and significance to the form. This guide walks through 43 types of crosses and their meanings — their shapes, origins, and the denominations that hold them dear.
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The Cross of St. James is also used in heraldry, where it’s also called the Santiago cross or the cruz espada (in English, the sword cross). This cross features double crossbeams at the top and one slanted crossbeam at the bottom. The first use of the flag was in the national flag of Denmark in the 13th century.
Emblems
This first cross may have then influenced all subsequent types of crosses. However, the cross symbol has existed for thousands of years, with the oldest religious symbol believed to be the solar cross. The second season has a 95% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 19 critic reviews. Kelly Lawler of USA Today awarded the season two out of four stars, criticizing its pacing and plotting. He praised Aldis Hodge’s “charismatic performance” but noted that the series’ “lack of story propulsion” makes it more suitable for binge-watching than episodic viewing.
Latin Cross
The Ethiopian Cross features intricate, lace-like latticework, with designs unique to each region and church within the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The Bottony Cross, also called the Cross Bottony or Cross Botonée, features a trefoil design at the end of each arm, resembling a bud or button. It’s called a cross loosely, since its shape departs entirely from traditional cross designs. Also called the Scandinavian Cross, the Nordic Cross is defined by its off-center design, with the horizontal bar shifted closer to the hoist (left side) of the flag. The Botonee Cross, also known as the Budded Cross, features trefoils or buds at the end of each arm — a design meant to symbolize the Holy Trinity.
The Sun Cross, or Solar Cross, features an equal-armed cross enclosed within a circle, historically tied to solar calendars and the changing seasons. The Mariner’s Cross, also called the Anchor Cross, takes the shape of a ship’s anchor and signifies hope and steadfastness. Also called the Fylfot Cross, the swastika is an ancient symbol that predates Christianity and has appeared across many cultures worldwide. The Cross Fleury is a stylized cross bordered with lily-like flourishes at each end, signifying purity and innocence. The Papal Cross features three horizontal bars of decreasing width and serves as the official insignia of papal authority during liturgical functions.
